MD5 is a widely used hashing algorithm designed to produce a 128-bit hash value
(32-character hexadecimal number) from an input of any length.
SHA-1 is a hashing algorithm that generates a 160-bit hash value
(40-character hexadecimal number) from an input.
SHA-256 is a hashing algorithm that generates a 256-bit hash value
(64-character hexadecimal number) from an input.
SHA-512 is a hashing algorithm that generates a 512-bit hash value
(128-character hexadecimal number) from an input.
Argon2 is a more modern hashing algorithm, designed specifically for password hashing.
HMAC stands for "Hash-based Message Authentication Code." It's a construction used for
verifying the integrity and authenticity of a message while ensuring it hasn't been
tampered with during transmission. HMAC uses a cryptographic hash function
(such as SHA-256, SHA-512, etc) to create a fixed-size hash value from the input data.